Research carried out by CGI and Oxford University has shown that British investment companies have lost over 42 billion pounds through data leaks and cyber attacks since 2013. 

65 British companies were analysed by using an overview supplied by Gemalto. Stocks of companies that have brought out news about data leaks were compared to companies that were not struck by cyber attacks. After a digital attack, stocks usually become 1,8 percent less valuable. For an average company this results in a loss of 120 million pounds or more.

Further research shows that financial institutions experience the most damage by cyber attacks, followed by the communications sector.